courtlistener-mcp-server

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['cluster_id'], 'properties': {'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Filter results to a specific court (e.g., "scotus", "ca9"). Applies to both directions.'}, 'cursor': {'type': 'string', 'description': "Pagination cursor from a previous response's next_cursor field."}, 'direction': {'enum': ['citing', 'cited_by'], 'type': 'string', 'default': 'cited_by', 'description': '"cited_by" (default): opinions that cite this one â\x80\x94 measures precedential influence and downstream adoption. "citing": opinions this one cites â\x80\x94 reveals the authority chain the court relied on.'}, 'page_size': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 20, 'maximum': 20, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Number of results to request (default 20). For direction="cited_by", CourtListener enforces a minimum of 20 results per page regardless of the value passed â\x80\x94 you will always receive at least 20 results. direction="citing" returns at most page_size (the cited-opinion list is sliced before querying) â\x80\x94 fewer when the opinion cites fewer than page_size distinct opinions. Either direction costs three requests against the rate limit (a case with many opinion variants costs one more per extra variant page) â\x80\x94 keep low for multi-hop traversal.'}, 'cluster_id': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'Opinion cluster ID to retrieve citations for. Obtain from courtlistener_search_opinions or courtlistener_lookup_citation.'}, 'filed_after': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Limit to citations filed after this date (ISO 8601). For "cited_by", useful for "how has this precedent been applied recently?"'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['source_cluster_id', 'source_case_name', 'direction', 'results', 'next_cursor', 'totalCount']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['not_found', 'rate_limited', 'invalid_date'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `not_found`: Cluster ID does not exist in CourtListener. Both directions resolve the source cluster before searching, so a bad ID fails here rather than returning an empty network. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. `invalid_date`: filed_after is not a valid ISO 8601 calendar date. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Context when no citations are returned â\x80\x94 either that this page had no match under the filters and more pages remain, or a recovery hint echoing direction and filters.'}, 'results': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['cluster_id', 'case_name', 'court', 'court_id', 'date_filed', 'citations', 'cite_count', 'snippet'], 'properties': {'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court that issued the related opinion.'}, 'snippet': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Matched text excerpt from the related opinion, taken from the first opinion variant in the cluster that carries one; empty string when none does. It is a relevance preview for the cluster, not necessarily text surrounding the citation itself.'}, 'court_id': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court identifier for use in filter parameters.'}, 'case_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Case name of the related opinion.'}, 'citations': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Citation strings for the related opinion.'}, 'cite_count': {'type': 'number', 'description': "This opinion's own citation count â\x80\x94 its authority weight."}, 'cluster_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Cluster ID of the related opinion.'}, 'date_filed': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date the related opinion was filed.'}}, 'description': 'Related opinion in the citation network.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Related opinions in the citation network.'}, 'direction': {'enum': ['citing', 'cited_by'], 'type': 'string', 'description': 'Direction of the citation relationship returned.'}, 'totalCount': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total citations in the requested direction. For "cited_by" it counts matching clusters with the court and filed_after filters applied. For "citing" it counts the distinct opinions this case cites, before any filter â\x80\x94 so it exceeds what the filters make reachable, and runs higher than the result rows, which are clusters (several cited opinions in one case collapse to one row).'}, 'next_cursor': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Pagination cursor for the next page; null when no more results.'}, 'source_case_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Case name for the source cluster.'}, 'source_cluster_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'The cluster ID this citation network is for.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['docket_id'], 'properties': {'docket_id': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': "Docket ID from a search result's docket_id field or from an opinion cluster result."}, 'entries_page': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 1, 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Page of docket entries to fetch (1-indexed). Docket entries are page-paginated at 20 per page; pass the next_cursor from a previous response here to page through large cases.'}, 'entries_page_size': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 20, 'maximum': 50, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Requested docket entries per page. NOTE: CourtListener ignores this value â\x80\x94 /docket-entries/ always returns a fixed 20-entry page regardless of what is passed. Use entries_page to reach entries beyond the first 20 (large cases can have hundreds).'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['docket_id', 'case_name', 'case_name_full', 'court', 'court_id', 'date_filed', 'date_terminated', 'docket_number', 'pacer_case_id', 'assigned_to', 'referred_to', 'cause', 'jury_demand', 'jurisdiction_type', 'total_entries', 'entries_page', 'next_cursor', 'entries']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'cause': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Legal cause of action.'}, 'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court display name for major federal courts; the court identifier otherwise.'}, 'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['not_found', 'rate_limited'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `not_found`: Docket ID does not exist in CourtListener. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'entries': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'entry_number', 'date_filed', 'description', 'documents'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Docket entry ID.'}, 'documents': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'document_number', 'attachment_number', 'description', 'is_available', 'page_count', 'filepath_local'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Document ID.'}, 'page_count': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Page count; null if not recorded.'}, 'description': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Document description.'}, 'is_available': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if the document is available via RECAP without a PACER account.'}, 'filepath_local': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Fully-qualified RECAP storage URL (https://storage.courtlistener.com/...) for the document; null if not available.'}, 'document_number': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'PACER document number as a string (e.g. "1"); attachments can be non-integer like "70-1". Null if not assigned.'}, 'attachment_number': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Attachment number; null for the main document.'}}, 'description': 'Document attached to a docket entry.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Documents attached to this docket entry.'}, 'date_filed': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date this entry was filed.'}, 'description': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Entry description or filing type.'}, 'entry_number': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'PACER entry number; null if not assigned.'}}, 'description': 'Docket entry with attached documents.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Docket entries for this page (fixed at 20 per page; entries_page_size is not honored by upstream).'}, 'court_id': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court identifier â\x80\x94 the stable value for filtering.'}, 'case_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Short case name.'}, 'docket_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Docket ID.'}, 'date_filed': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date the case was filed.'}, 'assigned_to': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Assigned judge name; null if not recorded.'}, 'jury_demand': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Jury demand status.'}, 'next_cursor': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Next page number to pass as the `entries_page` argument (docket entries are page-paginated); null when this is the last page.'}, 'referred_to': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Referred judge name; null if not recorded.'}, 'entries_page': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Current entries page number (1-indexed).'}, 'docket_number': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Docket number.'}, 'pacer_case_id': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'PACER case ID; null if not in RECAP.'}, 'total_entries': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total number of docket entries available â\x80\x94 may exceed the returned entries list.'}, 'case_name_full': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full case name.'}, 'date_terminated': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date the case was terminated; null if active.'}, 'jurisdiction_type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Jurisdiction type.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['disclosure_id'], 'properties': {'categories': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'enum': ['investments', 'debts', 'positions', 'reimbursements', 'non_investment_incomes', 'spouse_incomes', 'agreements', 'gifts'], 'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Line-item categories to return in full: investments, debts, positions, reimbursements, non_investment_incomes, spouse_incomes, agreements, gifts. Omit for all categories (or an outline if they overflow the inline budget). Also the re-call selector â\x80\x94 after an outline response, re-call with the category names it lists.'}, 'disclosure_id': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'Financial disclosure ID â\x80\x94 the disclosure_id field from a courtlistener_search_financial_disclosures result.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['disclosure_id', 'person_id', 'year', 'report_type', 'page_count', 'has_been_extracted', 'is_amended', 'pdf_url', 'counts', 'kind']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'kind': {'enum': ['full', 'outline'], 'type': 'string', 'description': "'full' returns the requested category rows; 'outline' lists each category as a retrievable section (by byte size) when the itemization overflows the inline budget. Filing metadata and counts are present either way."}, 'year': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Filing year.'}, 'debts': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'creditor', 'description', 'value_range', 'redacted'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Debt row ID.'}, 'creditor': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Creditor name (e.g. "Wells Fargo Bank, NA").'}, 'redacted': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if the source row was partially redacted.'}, 'description': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Description of the liability.'}, 'value_range': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Value of the debt as a dollar range; empty if none.'}}, 'description': 'A debt or liability (Part VII).', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Debts and liabilities.'}, 'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['not_found', 'rate_limited'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `not_found`: Disclosure ID does not exist in CourtListener. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'gifts': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['description', 'source', 'value'], 'properties': {'value': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Reported dollar value; empty if not stated.'}, 'source': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Who provided the gift.'}, 'description': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'What the gift was.'}}, 'description': 'A reported gift (Part VI).', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Reported gifts.'}, 'counts': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['investments', 'gifts', 'debts', 'positions', 'reimbursements', 'agreements', 'non_investment_incomes', 'spouse_incomes'], 'properties': {'debts': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported debts/liabilities.'}, 'gifts': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported gifts.'}, 'positions': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported outside positions.'}, 'agreements': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported agreements.'}, 'investments': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported investments.'}, 'reimbursements': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported reimbursements.'}, 'spouse_incomes': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported spouse income sources.'}, 'non_investment_incomes': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported non-investment income sources.'}}, 'description': 'Count of line items in each disclosure category.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'pdf_url': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'URL to the source disclosure PDF; null if unavailable.'}, 'sections': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['name', 'bytes'], 'properties': {'name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Section identifier â\x80\x94 pass in `sections` to retrieve it'}, 'bytes': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': 0, 'description': 'Serialized byte size of the section'}}, 'description': 'A retrievable category (by name) and its serialized byte size.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Retrievable categories, largest first â\x80\x94 pass names to `categories` on a re-call.'}, 'person_id': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Person ID of the filer â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_judge; null if absent.'}, 'positions': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'position', 'organization', 'redacted'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Position row ID.'}, 'position': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Position title (e.g. "Governing Director").'}, 'redacted': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if the source row was partially redacted.'}, 'organization': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Organization or entity name.'}}, 'description': 'An outside position held by the filer (Part I).', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Outside positions.'}, 'agreements': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'date', 'parties_and_terms', 'redacted'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Agreement row ID.'}, 'date': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date of the agreement as filed.'}, 'redacted': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if the source row was partially redacted.'}, 'parties_and_terms': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Parties to and terms of the agreement.'}}, 'description': 'A continuing agreement or arrangement (Part VIII).', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Continuing agreements.'}, 'is_amended': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if this filing is an amendment.'}, 'page_count': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Page count of the source filing; null if not recorded.'}, 'investments': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'description', 'income_type', 'income_range', 'value_range', 'value_method', 'transaction', 'transaction_date', 'transaction_value_range', 'transaction_gain_range', 'transaction_partner', 'redacted'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Investment row ID.'}, 'redacted': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if the source row was partially redacted.'}, 'description': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Name of the holding (e.g. "Citibank, N.A. Accounts").'}, 'income_type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Income type (e.g. "Interest", "Dividend", "Rent"); empty if none.'}, 'transaction': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Transaction during the period (e.g. "Buy", "Sold"); empty if none.'}, 'value_range': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Gross value at period end as a dollar range (e.g. "$250,001 - $500,000"); empty if none.'}, 'income_range': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Income during the reporting period as a dollar range (e.g. "$1 - $1,000"); empty if none.'}, 'value_method': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Valuation method (e.g. "Cash/market value", "Appraisal"); empty if none.'}, 'transaction_date': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Transaction date as filed; empty if none.'}, 'transaction_partner': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Identity of the transaction partner; empty if none.'}, 'transaction_gain_range': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Gain realized on the transaction as a dollar range; empty if none.'}, 'transaction_value_range': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Transaction value as a dollar range; empty if none.'}}, 'description': 'An investment holding (Part VII).', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Investment holdings.'}, 'report_type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Report type (Nomination, Initial, Annual, Final, or Unknown).'}, 'disclosure_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Financial disclosure ID.'}, 'reimbursements': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'source', 'date', 'location', 'purpose', 'items', 'redacted'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Reimbursement row ID.'}, 'date': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Dates as filed (e.g. "April 3-5, 2022").'}, 'items': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Items reimbursed (e.g. "Transportation, Lodging and Meals").'}, 'source': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Who provided the reimbursement (e.g. a law school).'}, 'purpose': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Purpose of the reimbursement.'}, 'location': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Location of the reimbursed event.'}, 'redacted': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if the source row was partially redacted.'}}, 'description': 'A travel/event reimbursement (Part IV).', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Reimbursements.'}, 'spouse_incomes': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'source_type', 'date', 'redacted'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Spouse income row ID.'}, 'date': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date as filed.'}, 'redacted': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if the source row was partially redacted.'}, 'source_type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Source and type of the spousal income.'}}, 'description': "The filer's spouse income (Part III).", 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Spouse income sources.'}, 'retrieval_notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'How to re-call the tool for specific categories when the itemization overflows.'}, 'has_been_extracted': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if line items were parsed from the PDF; category arrays are empty when false.'}, 'non_investment_incomes': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'date', 'source_type', 'amount', 'redacted'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Non-investment income row ID.'}, 'date': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date as filed (e.g. "3/10/2022").'}, 'amount': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Amount as filed â\x80\x94 usually a dollar string (e.g. "$10,116.00").'}, 'redacted': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if the source row was partially redacted.'}, 'source_type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Source and type of the income.'}}, 'description': "The filer's non-investment income (Part II).", 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Non-investment income sources.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['person_id'], 'properties': {'person_id': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': "Judge person ID from a search result's person_id field. Identifies a specific judge across all courts they have served on."}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['person_id', 'name', 'gender', 'dob', 'dob_granularity', 'dob_city', 'dob_state', 'dod', 'dod_granularity', 'fjc_id', 'aba_ratings', 'political_affiliations', 'education', 'positions', 'positionsShown', 'truncated']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'dob': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date of birth as CourtListener stores it, always full ISO 8601 â\x80\x94 but the month and day are placeholders unless dob_granularity is "day". Read dob_granularity before presenting this as an exact date. Null if not recorded.'}, 'dod': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date of death as CourtListener stores it, always full ISO 8601 â\x80\x94 precision qualified by dod_granularity, as with dob. Null if living or not recorded.'}, 'name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full name.'}, 'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['not_found', 'rate_limited'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `not_found`: Person ID does not exist in CourtListener. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'fjc_id': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Federal Judicial Center ID for cross-referencing with FJC data; null if not available.'}, 'gender': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Gender.'}, 'notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Present only when positions[] was truncated: what was withheld.'}, 'dob_city': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'City of birth; null if not recorded.'}, 'dob_state': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'State of birth; null if not recorded.'}, 'education': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['school', 'degree', 'degree_label', 'year'], 'properties': {'year': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Graduation year; null if not recorded.'}, 'degree': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Raw CourtListener degree-level code (e.g. "ba"); null if not recorded.'}, 'school': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Educational institution name.'}, 'degree_label': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Degree level expanded to a readable label (e.g. "Juris Doctor (J.D.)"). An unmapped code passes through as the code itself; null if not recorded.'}}, 'description': 'Education record.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Educational history.'}, 'person_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Person ID.'}, 'positions': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['court', 'court_id', 'position_type', 'position_type_label', 'job_title', 'organization_name', 'appointer', 'nomination_process', 'date_nominated', 'date_confirmation', 'date_start', 'date_start_granularity', 'date_termination', 'date_termination_granularity', 'termination_reason', 'termination_reason_label'], 'properties': {'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court name.'}, 'court_id': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court identifier â\x80\x94 use to filter opinions by this judge.'}, 'appointer': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Position URI of the appointing authority (e.g., ".../positions/123/"), not resolved to a name; null if elected or not recorded.'}, 'job_title': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Free-text title for a role with no position_type code (e.g. "Assistant district attorney"); empty on judicial rows.'}, 'date_start': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date the position started as CourtListener stores it, always full ISO 8601 â\x80\x94 the month and day are placeholders unless date_start_granularity is "day". Null if not recorded.'}, 'position_type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Raw CourtListener position-type code (e.g. "jud", "c-jud") â\x80\x94 the value the /positions/ position_type filter takes. Empty for non-judicial roles, which describe themselves in job_title.'}, 'date_nominated': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date nominated; null if not recorded.'}, 'date_termination': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date the position ended as CourtListener stores it, always full ISO 8601 â\x80\x94 precision qualified by date_termination_granularity. Null if current.'}, 'date_confirmation': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date confirmed; null if not recorded.'}, 'organization_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Employer for a non-judicial role; empty on judicial rows, which use court.'}, 'nomination_process': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Selection method, expanded to a readable label (e.g., "Appointment (President)"); null if not recorded.'}, 'termination_reason': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Raw CourtListener termination-reason code (e.g. "other_pos"); null if still serving.'}, 'position_type_label': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Position type expanded to a readable label (e.g. "Judge", "Chief Judge"). An unmapped code passes through as the code itself; empty for non-judicial roles.'}, 'date_start_granularity': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Precision actually recorded for date_start: "year", "month", or "day". Null when CourtListener recorded no precision.'}, 'termination_reason_label': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Termination reason expanded to a readable label (e.g. "Appointed to Other Judgeship"). An unmapped code passes through as the code itself; null if still serving.'}, 'date_termination_granularity': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Precision actually recorded for date_termination: "year", "month", or "day". Null when CourtListener recorded no precision.'}}, 'description': 'Position record â\x80\x94 judicial or otherwise.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Positions on record, across all courts â\x80\x94 judicial appointments plus non-judicial roles (private practice, prosecutor, professor), which carry no court and describe themselves in job_title. CourtListener paginates this list and the walk is bounded, so read the truncated flag before treating it as a complete career.'}, 'truncated': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': "True when the bounded /positions/ page walk stopped with pages outstanding â\x80\x94 positions[] is then a prefix of the person's record, not the whole of it. False when the walk reached the end."}, 'aba_ratings': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'ABA qualification ratings, expanded to readable labels (e.g., "Well Qualified").'}, 'positionsShown': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of position records returned.'}, 'dob_granularity': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Precision actually recorded for dob: "year", "month", or "day". Null when CourtListener recorded no precision. An unrecognized upstream value passes through unchanged.'}, 'dod_granularity': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Precision actually recorded for dod: "year", "month", or "day". Null when CourtListener recorded no precision.'}, 'political_affiliations': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['affiliation', 'date_start', 'date_end'], 'properties': {'date_end': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'End date of this affiliation; null if current.'}, 'date_start': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Start date of this affiliation.'}, 'affiliation': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Political party, expanded to a readable label (e.g., "Democratic").'}}, 'description': 'Political affiliation entry.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Political affiliation history.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['cluster_id'], 'properties': {'sections': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Opinion variant identifiers to retrieve in full, from a prior outline response (e.g. ["opinion_12345"]). Omit to return all variants, or an outline if they overflow the inline byte budget.'}, 'cluster_id': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'Opinion cluster ID â\x80\x94 identifies a case decision and groups all opinion variants (majority, concurrence, dissent). Obtain from courtlistener_search_opinions, courtlistener_lookup_citation, or from docket results that link to opinions.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['cluster_id', 'case_name', 'case_name_full', 'court', 'court_id', 'date_filed', 'docket_id', 'docket_number', 'judges', 'citations', 'cite_count', 'precedential_status', 'syllabus', 'posture', 'kind']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'kind': {'enum': ['full', 'outline'], 'type': 'string', 'description': "'full' returns the opinion variants (all, or a selected subset); 'outline' lists each variant as a retrievable section (opinion_<id>) when the opinions overflow the inline byte budget. Cluster metadata is present either way."}, 'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court display name.'}, 'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['not_found', 'rate_limited', 'unknown_section'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `not_found`: Cluster ID does not exist in CourtListener. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. `unknown_section`: A requested sections name matches no opinion variant in this cluster. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'judges': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Judge names.'}, 'posture': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Procedural posture (may be empty).'}, 'court_id': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court identifier.'}, 'opinions': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'type', 'type_label', 'author_id', 'per_curiam', 'html_text', 'plain_text', 'cites', 'download_url'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Individual opinion ID.'}, 'type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Raw CourtListener opinion-type code (e.g. "030concurrence"); the numeric prefix is a sort key, not part of the type. Empty when upstream recorded none.'}, 'cites': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'number'}, 'description': 'Opinion IDs this opinion cites.'}, 'author_id': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Person ID of the author; null if per curiam or unknown.'}, 'html_text': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full opinion text as HTML, drawn from the best available variant (citation-linked when present); empty only when no HTML text is stored â\x80\x94 use download_url then.'}, 'per_curiam': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if this is a per curiam opinion.'}, 'plain_text': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Plain text version of the opinion; may be empty.'}, 'type_label': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Opinion type expanded to the label courtlistener_search_opinions serves for the same variant: "lead-opinion", "concurrence-opinion", "dissent", "combined-opinion", etc. An unmapped code passes through as the code itself.'}, 'download_url': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Direct download URL for the original opinion document; null if not available.'}}, 'description': 'Individual opinion variant.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'All opinion variants within this cluster. Present in full mode; omitted in outline mode â\x80\x94 re-call with sections:["opinion_<id>"] to retrieve specific variants.'}, 'sections': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['name', 'bytes'], 'properties': {'name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Section identifier â\x80\x94 pass in `sections` to retrieve it'}, 'bytes': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': 0, 'description': 'Serialized byte size of the section'}}, 'description': 'A retrievable opinion variant (opinion_<id>) and its serialized byte size.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Retrievable opinion variants, largest first â\x80\x94 pass names to `sections` on a re-call.'}, 'syllabus': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Syllabus text (may be empty).'}, 'case_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Short case name.'}, 'citations': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'All known citation strings for this case.'}, 'docket_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Associated docket ID.'}, 'cite_count': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total number of citations from other opinions.'}, 'cluster_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Opinion cluster ID.'}, 'date_filed': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date the opinion was filed.'}, 'docket_number': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Docket number.'}, 'case_name_full': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full case name with parties.'}, 'retrieval_notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'How to re-call the tool for specific opinion variants when the opinions overflow.'}, 'precedential_status': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Publication/precedential status.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['id'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'Audio recording ID â\x80\x94 the audio_id field from a courtlistener_search_oral_arguments result.'}, 'sections': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Section identifiers to retrieve, from a prior outline response â\x80\x94 ["transcript"] is the only one that adds anything, since every other field is returned regardless. A selection that omits "transcript" therefore returns the record without it. Omit this argument entirely for the whole record, or the record minus an oversized transcript.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['kind']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'kind': {'enum': ['full', 'outline'], 'type': 'string', 'description': "'full' carries the transcript inline; 'outline' withholds it and lists it as a retrievable section because it overflows the inline byte budget. Every other field of the record is present either way."}, 'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['not_found', 'rate_limited', 'unknown_section'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `not_found`: Audio ID does not exist in CourtListener. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. `unknown_section`: A requested sections name is not a field of the oral argument record. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'judges': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Free-text judge names; often empty on this endpoint.'}, 'sections': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['name', 'bytes'], 'properties': {'name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Section identifier â\x80\x94 pass in `sections` to retrieve it'}, 'bytes': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': 0, 'description': 'Serialized byte size of the section'}}, 'description': 'A withheld section of the record and its serialized byte size.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Sections withheld from this response â\x80\x94 only ever `transcript`; pass its name to `sections` on a re-call. Absent when nothing was withheld.'}, 'case_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Case name.'}, 'docket_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Associated docket ID; 0 if not linked.'}, 'panel_ids': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'number'}, 'description': 'Person IDs of panel judges â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_judge.'}, 'transcript': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Speech-to-text transcript; empty string if transcription has not completed. The only field an outline response withholds â\x80\x94 re-call with sections:["transcript"] to retrieve it.'}, 'download_url': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Direct MP3 download URL; null if not available.'}, 'case_name_full': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full case name with parties.'}, 'has_transcript': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if a speech-to-text transcript is available.'}, 'duration_seconds': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Recording duration in seconds.'}, 'oral_argument_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Audio recording ID.'}, 'retrieval_notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'How to re-call the tool for the transcript when it overflows the inline budget.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['docket_id'], 'properties': {'cursor': {'type': 'string', 'description': "Pagination cursor from a previous response's next_cursor field. Omit for the first page. This is an opaque token, not a page number â\x80\x94 CourtListener cursor-paginates this endpoint, so a numeric value selects nothing and re-serves the first page."}, 'docket_id': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': "Docket ID from a courtlistener_search_dockets or courtlistener_get_docket result's docket_id field."}, 'page_size': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 10, 'maximum': 10, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Requested number of parties per page (1â\x80\x9310). CourtListener paginates this endpoint at a fixed size and does not honor the requested value, so a page can come back larger than asked for.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['docket_id', 'total_parties', 'next_cursor', 'parties']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['not_found', 'rate_limited'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `not_found`: Docket ID does not exist in CourtListener or has no RECAP party data. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. Each call to this tool makes at least two upstream requests. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'parties': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'name', 'role', 'extra_info', 'attorneys'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Party record ID.'}, 'name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Party display name (e.g., "Jane Doe", "Acme Corporation").'}, 'role': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Role on this docket (e.g., "Plaintiff", "Defendant", "Petitioner", "Respondent"); null if not recorded.'}, 'attorneys': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['attorney_id', 'name', 'contact_raw', 'role_code', 'role', 'date_action'], 'properties': {'name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Attorney display name. Empty string when attorney detail is unavailable.'}, 'role': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'role_code decoded to a label (e.g., "Lead attorney"). Codes 5â\x80\x939 ("Self-terminated" through "Disbarred") mean the attorney is no longer of record. The stringified code when upstream sends a value outside the documented enum, "Unrecorded" when it sends none.'}, 'role_code': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Numeric attorney role code from the partyâ\x80\x93attorney relationship (1 = Attorney to be noticed, 2 = Lead attorney, 3 = Attorney in sealed group, 4 = Pro hac vice, 5 = Self-terminated, 6 = Terminated, 7 = Suspended, 8 = Inactive, 9 = Disbarred, 10 = Unknown); null when upstream recorded no code.'}, 'attorney_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Attorney record ID.'}, 'contact_raw': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Raw address/phone block from the attorney record. Empty string when unavailable.'}, 'date_action': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date the attorneyâ\x80\x93party relationship ended; null while the attorney is still of record.'}}, 'description': 'Attorney of record for this party.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Attorneys of record for this party on this docket.'}, 'extra_info': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Additional metadata from upstream (e.g., pro se status, date range).'}}, 'description': 'A party and their attorneys for this docket.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Parties on this page.'}, 'docket_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Docket ID these parties belong to.'}, 'totalCount': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total parties on this docket across all pages â\x80\x94 this endpoint reports its count as a URL rather than a number, so the total is only derivable when the first page is also the last, and is absent for any list spanning more than one page.'}, 'next_cursor': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Opaque pagination cursor for the next page â\x80\x94 pass it back as the `cursor` argument; null when this is the last page.'}, 'total_parties': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Total parties on this docket across all pages; null when no total is derivable â\x80\x94 CourtListener serves the count as a URL rather than a number here, so it is only known when the first page is also the last.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['citation'], 'properties': {'citation': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Text to extract citations from â\x80\x94 normally a single citation (e.g., "410 U.S. 113", "347 U.S. 483", "93 S. Ct. 705"), but any passage works and every citation in it is resolved. Supports standard reporter formats. Up to 64000 characters, which is CourtListener\'s own ceiling; a longer passage is rejected here rather than spending a request to be refused upstream.'}, 'max_court_lookups': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 4, 'maximum': 20, 'minimum': 0, 'description': 'How many distinct dockets this call may spend a request on to resolve cluster courts. The lookup itself is metered separately by CourtListener (per citation submitted), so this budget is drawn entirely from the ordinary per-request allowance â\x80\x94 published free tier 5/min, 50/hour, 125/day, varying by token tier. 0 skips court resolution and costs nothing beyond the lookup; 20 is the ceiling. Clusters past the budget come back with court null and court_resolution "over_budget".'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['matches', 'queriedCitation']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['not_found', 'rate_limited', 'empty_citation', 'citation_too_long'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `not_found`: CourtListener could not parse any citation out of the submitted text. A citation that parses but matches nothing is a result with status 404, not this error. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. `empty_citation`: citation is empty or whitespace-only after trimming â\x80\x94 no request is sent. `citation_too_long`: citation exceeds the 64000-character ceiling CourtListener accepts â\x80\x94 no request is sent. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Caveats on this result: a recovery hint when no citation in the input resolved to a case, and counts of the clusters whose court went unresolved â\x80\x94 split by whether the per-call docket budget ran out or an attempted lookup returned nothing, since only the first is worth retrying with a larger budget. Absent when none applies.'}, 'matches': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['citation', 'normalized_citation', 'status', 'status_label', 'error_message', 'clusters'], 'properties': {'status': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Resolution status for this citation alone: 200 one case, 300 several candidates, 400 unrecognized reporter, 404 no case found, 429 past the per-request citation cap. Not the status of the request, which succeeded.'}, 'citation': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'The citation as CourtListener matched it in the submitted text.'}, 'clusters': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['cluster_id', 'case_name', 'court', 'court_id', 'court_resolution', 'date_filed', 'docket_id', 'citations', 'cite_count', 'precedential_status', 'judges'], 'properties': {'court': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': "Court display name. The citation-lookup payload carries no court, so this is resolved from the cluster's docket â\x80\x94 one extra request each, capped by max_court_lookups (default 4 distinct dockets per call). Null when that lookup was skipped past the budget, failed, or the cluster has no docket_id; court_resolution says which. Pass docket_id to courtlistener_get_docket, or cluster_id to courtlistener_get_opinion, to resolve one."}, 'judges': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Free-text judge names; null or empty if not recorded.'}, 'court_id': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Court identifier for the `court` filter on the search tools (e.g. "scotus"); null under the same conditions as `court`.'}, 'case_name': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Case name; null if not recorded.'}, 'citations': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'All known citation strings for this case.'}, 'docket_id': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Linked docket â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_docket. Null if not recorded.'}, 'cite_count': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Times other opinions cite this case â\x80\x94 a rough authority weight. Null if not recorded.'}, 'cluster_id': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Opinion cluster ID â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_opinion. Null when upstream sent no ID.'}, 'date_filed': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date the opinion was filed; null if not recorded.'}, 'court_resolution': {'enum': ['resolved', 'no_docket', 'lookup_failed', 'over_budget'], 'type': 'string', 'description': 'Why court/court_id are or are not populated: "resolved" the docket lookup returned a court; "no_docket" the cluster carries no docket_id, so nothing can be resolved; "lookup_failed" a request was spent on the docket and it yielded no court; "over_budget" no request was spent because max_court_lookups ran out or the walk stopped on a rate limit â\x80\x94 raise max_court_lookups or fetch that docket directly.'}, 'precedential_status': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Publication status (e.g. "Published", "Unpublished"); null if not recorded.'}}, 'description': 'An opinion cluster this citation resolved to.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Cases this citation resolved to â\x80\x94 empty when status is not 200 or 300, and more than one when status is 300.'}, 'status_label': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'status decoded to a label.'}, 'error_message': {'type': 'string', 'description': "CourtListener's explanation when status is not 200; empty string otherwise."}, 'normalized_citation': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Canonical citation form used by CourtListener; null if not resolved.'}}, 'description': 'One citation found in the submitted text and everything it resolved to.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'One entry per citation CourtListener extracted from the input, in the order they appear.'}, 'queriedCitation': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'The citation string that was looked up.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'page': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 1, 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Page number (1-indexed). CourtListener serves /courts/ at a fixed 20 rows per page and ignores any requested page size, so the number of pages is the enrichment totalCount divided by 20 â\x80\x94 there is no way to pull a larger page. Pass the next_cursor from a previous response here to walk them one call at a time.'}, 'status': {'enum': ['active', 'inactive', 'any'], 'type': 'string', 'default': 'active', 'description': "Which bench to return. 'active' (default) returns only courts CourtListener currently scrapes; 'inactive' returns only the historical and defunct courts it no longer scrapes; 'any' returns both. The two filtered sets are disjoint, so 'any' is the only value that reaches the whole list â\x80\x94 but reaching all of it means paging, one call per 20 courts, and the inactive bench is several times larger than the active one. Prefer the narrowest value that answers the question, and narrow with jurisdiction rather than paging the full list."}, 'jurisdiction': {'enum': ['F', 'FD', 'FB', 'FBP', 'FS', 'S', 'SA', 'ST', 'SS', 'SAG', 'TRS', 'TRA', 'TRT', 'TRX', 'TS', 'TA', 'TT', 'TSP', 'MA', 'MT', 'C', 'I'], 'type': 'string', 'description': "Jurisdiction type â\x80\x94 CourtListener's own court classification, one code per court: F=Federal Appellate, FD=Federal District, FB=Federal Bankruptcy, FBP=Federal Bankruptcy Panel, FS=Federal Special, S=State Supreme, SA=State Appellate, ST=State Trial, SS=State Special, SAG=State Attorney General, TRS=Tribal Supreme, TRA=Tribal Appellate, TRT=Tribal Trial, TRX=Tribal Special, TS=Territory Supreme, TA=Territory Appellate, TT=Territory Trial, TSP=Territory Special, MA=Military Appellate, MT=Military Trial, C=Committee, I=International. Omit to list all. SCOTUS and the numbered circuits are F; USITC and FISC are FS. Upstream's Testing code is not offered here: /courts/ excludes testing courts from every response, so a filter on it can only ever return nothing. Accepted but matching no court as of the 2026-07-30 snapshot: TSP, MT. Courts whose stored jurisdiction is not one of these codes (njcirctsussex, ohctapp1) are unreachable through this filter at any value â\x80\x94 the value they store is not one the filter accepts. Pass those ids straight to the tool that needs them, or list with no jurisdiction filter."}, 'has_opinion_scraper': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Filter to courts with active opinion scraping. Useful when planning search queries â\x80\x94 courts without scrapers have sparse coverage.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['page', 'next_cursor', 'courts', 'all_matching_court_ids', 'all_matching_court_ids_complete', 'totalCount']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'page': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Current page number (1-indexed).'}, 'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['rate_limited'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'courts': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'full_name', 'short_name', 'citation_string', 'jurisdiction', 'has_opinion_scraper', 'has_oral_argument_scraper'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court identifier for use in search filter parameters.'}, 'full_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full court name.'}, 'short_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Abbreviated court name.'}, 'jurisdiction': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Jurisdiction type code.'}, 'citation_string': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Citation abbreviation (e.g., "9th Cir.", "SCOTUS").'}, 'has_opinion_scraper': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if CourtListener actively scrapes opinions from this court.'}, 'has_oral_argument_scraper': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if CourtListener actively scrapes oral arguments from this court.'}}, 'description': 'Court record.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Matching courts on this page.'}, 'notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Recovery hint when no courts match the applied filters.'}, 'totalCount': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total courts returned.'}, 'next_cursor': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Next page number to pass as the `page` argument (this list is page-paginated at a fixed 20 rows/page); null when this is the last page â\x80\x94 a non-null value means the courts shown are a partial view of the filtered set.'}, 'all_matching_court_ids': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Every court id matching the same filters, from a snapshot of /courts/ bundled with this server (taken 2026-07-30) â\x80\x94 the complete set, not just this page, and free of any request. Paging `courts` is only needed for the fields a court id alone does not carry (full_name, citation_string, scraper flags). Empty when more than 1000 courts match, since a prefix of the set would be indistinguishable from the whole of it â\x80\x94 check all_matching_court_ids_complete before reading emptiness as "no courts match". A court added or retired upstream since the snapshot date appears in `courts` but may be missing here.'}, 'all_matching_court_ids_complete': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True when all_matching_court_ids holds every matching court id. False when more than 1000 courts match: the list is withheld whole rather than truncated, and the notice gives the count and how to narrow.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['q'], 'properties': {'q': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Query terms matched against case name, docket number, party names, and attorney names. Example: "Apple Inc patent infringement".'}, 'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Filter to a specific federal court ID (e.g., "dnd", "cacd", "deb" for Delaware Bankruptcy). Use courtlistener_lookup_courts to find court IDs.'}, 'cursor': {'type': 'string', 'description': "Pagination cursor from a previous response's next_cursor field."}, 'page_size': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 20, 'maximum': 20, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Number of results to request (default 20). CourtListener search enforces a minimum of 20 results per page regardless of the value passed â\x80\x94 you will always receive at least 20 results.'}, 'party_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Filter to dockets listing a specific party by name â\x80\x94 applied in addition to (AND with) the q query. More precise than including party names in q when the party name is known.'}, 'filed_after': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Earliest case filing date (ISO 8601).'}, 'filed_before': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Latest case filing date (ISO 8601).'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['results', 'next_cursor', 'coverage_note', 'totalCount']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['invalid_query', 'rate_limited', 'empty_query', 'invalid_date'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `invalid_query`: CourtListener rejects caller-authored query or filter syntax with a recognized diagnostic. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. `empty_query`: q is empty or whitespace-only after trimming â\x80\x94 no request is sent. `invalid_date`: filed_after or filed_before is not a valid ISO 8601 calendar date. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Recovery hint when results are empty â\x80\x94 echoes filters and suggests how to broaden.'}, 'results': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['docket_id', 'case_name', 'case_name_full', 'court', 'court_id', 'date_filed', 'date_terminated', 'docket_number', 'pacer_case_id', 'assigned_to', 'referred_to', 'cause', 'jury_demand', 'suit_nature', 'jurisdiction_type', 'parties', 'attorneys', 'firms', 'sample_documents'], 'properties': {'cause': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Legal cause of action.'}, 'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court display name.'}, 'firms': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Law firm names of record on this docket; empty when none are recorded.'}, 'parties': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Party names listed in this docket.'}, 'court_id': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court identifier.'}, 'attorneys': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Attorney names of record on this docket; empty when none are recorded.'}, 'case_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Case name.'}, 'docket_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Docket ID â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_docket for full entry list.'}, 'date_filed': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date the case was filed.'}, 'assigned_to': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Assigned judge name; null if not recorded.'}, 'jury_demand': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Jury demand status.'}, 'referred_to': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Referred magistrate judge name; null if not recorded.'}, 'suit_nature': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Nature-of-suit label, usually prefixed with its PACER code (e.g. "830 Patent"); empty string when not recorded.'}, 'docket_number': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Docket number.'}, 'pacer_case_id': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'PACER case ID; null if not available in RECAP.'}, 'case_name_full': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full case name with all parties; empty string when not recorded.'}, 'date_terminated': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date the case was terminated; null if still active.'}, 'sample_documents': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'description', 'date_filed', 'document_number', 'entry_number', 'document_type', 'page_count', 'filepath_local', 'is_available'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Document ID.'}, 'date_filed': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date the parent docket entry was filed; empty string when not recorded.'}, 'page_count': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Page count; null if not recorded.'}, 'description': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Document description or title.'}, 'entry_number': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Docket entry number this document belongs to; null if unnumbered.'}, 'is_available': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if the document is available via RECAP without a PACER account.'}, 'document_type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Document classification (e.g. "PACER Document", "RECAP Document"); empty string when not recorded.'}, 'filepath_local': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Fully-qualified RECAP storage URL (https://storage.courtlistener.com/...) for the document; null when no copy is stored.'}, 'document_number': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'PACER document number; null if not assigned.'}}, 'description': 'Sample document entry.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': "Up to 3 sample filings matched on this docket â\x80\x94 a search excerpt, not the docket's full filing list. Call courtlistener_get_docket for every entry."}, 'jurisdiction_type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Basis of federal jurisdiction (e.g. "Federal Question"); empty string when not recorded.'}}, 'description': 'Docket search result.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Matching docket records.'}, 'totalCount': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total matching dockets.'}, 'next_cursor': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Pagination cursor for the next page; null when no more results.'}, 'coverage_note': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Note about RECAP coverage limitations.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'year': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'Filing year to filter by (e.g., 2022). Applied client-side to the fetched page only â\x80\x94 CourtListener rejects a server-side year param, so filings for this year on later pages are not included. When a page has no match for the year but more pages remain, next_cursor is returned; pass it as cursor to check the next page. Omit to return all years on the page.'}, 'cursor': {'type': 'string', 'description': "Pagination cursor from a previous response's next_cursor field."}, 'judge_id': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'Person ID of the judge whose disclosures to return â\x80\x94 obtain from courtlistener_search_judges (the person_id field). Omit to browse across all filers.'}, 'page_size': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 20, 'maximum': 20, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Number of filings to request (default 20). CourtListener enforces a minimum of 20 results per page regardless of the value passed â\x80\x94 you will always receive at least 20 filings.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['results', 'next_cursor']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['rate_limited'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Recovery hint when no filings are found â\x80\x94 echoes filters and suggests next steps.'}, 'results': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['disclosure_id', 'person_id', 'year', 'report_type', 'page_count', 'has_been_extracted', 'is_amended', 'pdf_url', 'counts', 'gifts'], 'properties': {'year': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Filing year.'}, 'gifts': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['description', 'source', 'value'], 'properties': {'value': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Reported dollar value; empty if not stated.'}, 'source': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Who provided the gift.'}, 'description': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'What the gift was.'}}, 'description': 'A reported gift.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Itemized gifts (the most ethics-relevant category; usually few).'}, 'counts': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['investments', 'gifts', 'debts', 'positions', 'reimbursements', 'agreements', 'non_investment_incomes', 'spouse_incomes'], 'properties': {'debts': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported debts/liabilities.'}, 'gifts': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported gifts.'}, 'positions': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported outside positions.'}, 'agreements': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported agreements.'}, 'investments': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported investments.'}, 'reimbursements': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported reimbursements.'}, 'spouse_incomes': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported spouse income sources.'}, 'non_investment_incomes': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of reported non-investment income sources.'}}, 'description': 'Count of line items in each disclosure category.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'pdf_url': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'URL to the source disclosure PDF; null if unavailable.'}, 'person_id': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Person ID of the filer â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_judge; null if absent.'}, 'is_amended': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if this filing is an amendment.'}, 'page_count': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Page count of the source filing; null if not recorded.'}, 'report_type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Report type (Nomination, Initial, Annual, Final, or Unknown).'}, 'disclosure_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Financial disclosure ID.'}, 'has_been_extracted': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True if line items were parsed from the PDF; counts are 0 when false.'}}, 'description': 'A judicial financial disclosure filing.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Matching financial disclosure filings.'}, 'totalCount': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total matching disclosure filings â\x80\x94 present only when the API reports a numeric count (this endpoint returns it as a URL by default, so it is usually absent).'}, 'next_cursor': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Pagination cursor for the next page; null when no more results.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['q'], 'properties': {'q': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Search query â\x80\x94 judge name, court, city, or relevant keywords.'}, 'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Filter to judges who have held a position at this court (e.g., "scotus", "ca9"). Use court_id strings from courtlistener_lookup_courts.'}, 'cursor': {'type': 'string', 'description': "Pagination cursor from a previous response's next_cursor field."}, 'appointer': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Filter by appointing president\'s last name (e.g., "Obama", "Trump", "Biden"). Matches against the appointer field in position records.'}, 'page_size': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 20, 'maximum': 20, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Number of results to request (default 20). CourtListener search enforces a minimum of 20 results per page regardless of the value passed.'}, 'political_affiliation': {'enum': ['d', 'r', 'i', 'l', 'g', 'u'], 'type': 'string', 'description': 'Filter by political affiliation: d=Democrat, r=Republican, i=Independent, l=Libertarian, g=Green Party, u=Unknown/unconfirmed. Based on party of the appointing president or election affiliation.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['results', 'next_cursor', 'totalCount']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['invalid_query', 'rate_limited', 'empty_query'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `invalid_query`: CourtListener rejects caller-authored query or filter syntax with a recognized diagnostic. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. `empty_query`: q is empty or whitespace-only after trimming â\x80\x94 no request is sent. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Recovery hint when results are empty â\x80\x94 echoes filters and suggests how to broaden.'}, 'results': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['person_id', 'name', 'gender', 'dob', 'dob_city', 'dob_state', 'political_affiliation', 'aba_rating', 'schools', 'current_position'], 'properties': {'dob': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date of birth; null if not recorded.'}, 'name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full judge name.'}, 'gender': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Gender.'}, 'schools': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Educational institutions attended.'}, 'dob_city': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'City of birth; null if not recorded.'}, 'dob_state': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'State of birth; null if not recorded.'}, 'person_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Person ID â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_judge for full biography.'}, 'aba_rating': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'ABA qualification labels (e.g. "Well Qualified", "Qualified"), one per rating on record â\x80\x94 not the rating codes.'}, 'current_position': {'anyOf': [{'type': 'object', 'required': ['court', 'court_id', 'position_type', 'job_title', 'organization_name', 'appointer', 'selection_method', 'date_start', 'date_termination', 'termination_reason'], 'properties': {'court': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Court full name; null for non-judicial positions.'}, 'court_id': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Court identifier for use in filter parameters; null for non-judicial positions.'}, 'appointer': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Name of the appointing president (e.g. "Obama, Barack Hussein, II"); null if elected or not recorded.'}, 'job_title': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Free-text title for non-judicial roles (e.g. "Assistant district attorney"); null for judicial positions.'}, 'date_start': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date the position started; null if not recorded.'}, 'position_type': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Judicial position title (e.g. "Judge", "Chief Judge"); null for non-judicial positions â\x80\x94 see job_title.'}, 'date_termination': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date the position ended; null while the judge still holds it.'}, 'selection_method': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'How the judge reached the position (e.g. "Appointment (President)", "Election (Partisan)"); null if not recorded.'}, 'organization_name': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Employer for non-judicial roles; null for judicial positions.'}, 'termination_reason': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Why the position ended (e.g. "Appointed to Other Judgeship", "Retirement"); null while still serving.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}, {'type': 'null'}], 'description': 'The position with no termination date, or â\x80\x94 when several or none qualify â\x80\x94 the one with the latest start date. Null when the record carries no positions. courtlistener_get_judge returns the full appointment history.'}, 'political_affiliation': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Party labels (e.g. "Democratic", "Republican"), one per recorded affiliation â\x80\x94 not the single-letter codes the political_affiliation input filter takes.'}}, 'description': 'Judge search result.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Matching judge records.'}, 'totalCount': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total matching judge records.'}, 'next_cursor': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Pagination cursor for the next page; null when no more results.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['q'], 'properties': {'q': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full-text query. Supports field syntax (caseName:"roe v wade", court_id:scotus, judge:"Alito") and boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT). Use plain English for semantic-style queries or legal citations.'}, 'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Filter to a specific court by court ID (e.g., "scotus", "ca9", "nyed"). Use courtlistener_lookup_courts to find court IDs.'}, 'cursor': {'type': 'string', 'description': "Pagination cursor from a previous response's next_cursor field. Omit for the first page."}, 'status': {'enum': ['Published', 'Unpublished', 'Errata', 'Separate', 'In-chambers', 'Relating-to', 'Unknown'], 'type': 'string', 'description': 'Opinion publication status. "Published": precedential. "Unpublished": not citable as precedent in most jurisdictions. "Errata": corrections. "Separate": separate opinion filed outside main cluster. "In-chambers": single-justice order. "Relating-to": companion or related-case order. Omit to search all statuses.'}, 'order_by': {'enum': ['score desc', 'dateFiled desc', 'dateFiled asc', 'citeCount desc'], 'type': 'string', 'default': 'score desc', 'description': 'Result ordering. "score desc" (default) ranks by relevance. "citeCount desc" surfaces most-cited opinions first.'}, 'page_size': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 20, 'maximum': 20, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Number of results to request (default 20). CourtListener search enforces a minimum of 20 results per page regardless of the value passed â\x80\x94 you will always receive at least 20 results. Each search costs one request against the rate limit.'}, 'filed_after': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Earliest filing date (ISO 8601, e.g., "2020-01-01"). Narrows search to opinions filed on or after this date.'}, 'filed_before': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Latest filing date (ISO 8601). Narrows search to opinions filed before or on this date.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['results', 'next_cursor', 'totalCount', 'effectiveQuery']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['invalid_query', 'rate_limited', 'empty_query', 'invalid_date'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `invalid_query`: CourtListener rejects caller-authored query or filter syntax with a recognized diagnostic. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. `empty_query`: q is empty or whitespace-only after trimming â\x80\x94 no request is sent. `invalid_date`: filed_after or filed_before is not a valid ISO 8601 calendar date. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Recovery hint when results are empty â\x80\x94 echoes filters and suggests how to broaden.'}, 'results': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['cluster_id', 'case_name', 'case_name_full', 'court', 'court_id', 'date_filed', 'docket_number', 'docket_id', 'citations', 'cite_count', 'judges', 'status', 'snippet', 'opinions'], 'properties': {'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court display name.'}, 'judges': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Judge names associated with the opinion.'}, 'status': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Publication status (Published, Unpublished, etc.).'}, 'snippet': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Matched text excerpt, taken from the first entry in opinions[] that carries one; empty string when no variant has an excerpt. CourtListener does not mark which variant the search matched, so treat this as a relevance preview for the cluster, not as an excerpt attributable to a specific opinion â\x80\x94 read opinions[] to attribute it.'}, 'court_id': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court identifier for use in subsequent filter parameters.'}, 'opinions': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['id', 'type', 'author_id', 'per_curiam', 'download_url', 'local_path', 'cites'], 'properties': {'id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Opinion ID for this variant â\x80\x94 identifies one opinion within the cluster (the cluster itself is cluster_id).'}, 'type': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Variant type as an expanded label (e.g. "combined-opinion", "lead-opinion", "dissent").'}, 'cites': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'number'}, 'description': 'Opinion IDs this variant cites. These are opinion-level IDs, not cluster IDs â\x80\x94 courtlistener_get_opinion and courtlistener_get_citations both take a cluster_id, so do not pass these values to them directly.'}, 'author_id': {'type': ['number', 'null'], 'description': 'Person ID of the authoring judge â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_judge; null when unattributed.'}, 'local_path': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'CourtListener-hosted copy of the source document (https://storage.courtlistener.com/...); null if not stored.'}, 'per_curiam': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'True when the opinion was issued per curiam (by the court).'}, 'download_url': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': "URL of the originating court's copy; null when none was recorded. Often plain HTTP and prone to rot â\x80\x94 prefer local_path."}}, 'description': 'One opinion variant within the cluster.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Opinion variants filed in this case (majority, concurrence, dissent, per curiam). Empty when upstream returned none.'}, 'case_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Short case name (e.g., "Roe v. Wade").'}, 'citations': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'string'}, 'description': 'Formatted citation strings (e.g., "410 U.S. 113").'}, 'docket_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Docket ID â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_docket.'}, 'cite_count': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Number of times this opinion has been cited by other opinions.'}, 'cluster_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Opinion cluster ID â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_opinion or courtlistener_get_citations.'}, 'date_filed': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Date the opinion was filed (YYYY-MM-DD).'}, 'docket_number': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Docket number for this case.'}, 'case_name_full': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Full case name with parties.'}}, 'description': 'Opinion cluster summary.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Matching opinion cluster summaries.'}, 'totalCount': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total matching opinions in the corpus.'}, 'next_cursor': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Pagination cursor for the next page; null when no more results.'}, 'effectiveQuery': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Query terms sent to CourtListener.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'required': ['q'], 'properties': {'q': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Query terms matched against case name and transcribed argument text (where available).'}, 'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Filter to a specific court (e.g., "scotus", "ca9").'}, 'cursor': {'type': 'string', 'description': "Pagination cursor from a previous response's next_cursor field."}, 'page_size': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 20, 'maximum': 20, 'minimum': 1, 'description': 'Number of results to request (default 20). CourtListener search enforces a minimum of 20 results per page regardless of the value passed.'}, 'argued_after': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Earliest date the case was argued (ISO 8601) â\x80\x94 filters by argument date, not publication date.'}, 'argued_before': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Latest date the case was argued (ISO 8601).'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}

{'type': 'object', 'anyOf': [{'not': {'required': ['error']}, 'required': ['results', 'next_cursor', 'totalCount']}, {'required': ['error']}], '$schema': 'https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema', 'properties': {'error': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['code', 'message'], 'properties': {'code': {'type': 'integer', 'maximum': 9007199254740991, 'minimum': -9007199254740991, 'description': 'JSON-RPC error code for this failure.'}, 'data': {'type': 'object', 'properties': {'reason': {'type': 'string', 'examples': ['invalid_query', 'rate_limited', 'empty_query', 'invalid_date'], 'description': 'Machine-readable failure mode. Declared by this tool: `invalid_query`: CourtListener rejects caller-authored query or filter syntax with a recognized diagnostic. `rate_limited`: 429 from CourtListener, or no request slot opened within the wait budget. `empty_query`: q is empty or whitespace-only after trimming â\x80\x94 no request is sent. `invalid_date`: argued_after or argued_before is not a valid ISO 8601 calendar date. Other values are possible when a failure originates below the handler.'}, 'recovery': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['hint'], 'properties': {'hint': {'type': 'string'}}, 'description': 'Actionable next step for the caller.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'retryable': {'type': 'boolean', 'description': 'Whether retrying may succeed.'}}, 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'message': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Human-readable description of what went wrong.'}}, 'description': 'Present when the call failed. Absent on success.', 'additionalProperties': {}}, 'notice': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Recovery hint when results are empty â\x80\x94 echoes filters and suggests how to broaden.'}, 'results': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'object', 'required': ['audio_id', 'case_name', 'court', 'court_id', 'date_argued', 'docket_id', 'docket_number', 'judges', 'panel_ids', 'duration_seconds', 'download_url', 'local_path', 'snippet'], 'properties': {'court': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court display name.'}, 'judges': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Judge names on the panel.'}, 'snippet': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Transcript excerpt where available; empty string if no transcript.'}, 'audio_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Audio recording ID.'}, 'court_id': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Court identifier.'}, 'case_name': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Case name.'}, 'docket_id': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Associated docket ID.'}, 'panel_ids': {'type': 'array', 'items': {'type': 'number'}, 'description': 'Person IDs of panel judges â\x80\x94 pass to courtlistener_get_judge.'}, 'local_path': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'CourtListener-hosted copy of the recording (https://storage.courtlistener.com/...); null if not stored.'}, 'date_argued': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Date the case was argued; null if not recorded.'}, 'download_url': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': "MP3 URL at the originating court; null if not recorded. Often plain HTTP and prone to rot as courts reorganize â\x80\x94 prefer local_path, CourtListener's durable copy."}, 'docket_number': {'type': 'string', 'description': 'Docket number.'}, 'duration_seconds': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Recording duration in seconds.'}}, 'description': 'Oral argument recording.', 'additionalProperties': False}, 'description': 'Matching oral argument recordings.'}, 'totalCount': {'type': 'number', 'description': 'Total matching oral argument recordings.'}, 'next_cursor': {'type': ['string', 'null'], 'description': 'Pagination cursor for the next page; null when no more results.'}}, 'additionalProperties': False}